"Lidong" has passed and the city's wheat has entered the critical period of winter management. Therefore, in view of the pre-winter wheat growth and development characteristics and climate characteristics of this year, Jinzhong Agriculture Committee specifically proposed wheat winter field management comments, requiring all relevant counties (regions, municipalities) to attach great importance, combined with local realities, according to local conditions and develop scientific management measures, and Instructing wheat farmers to do a good job in field management and lay a good foundation for next year's harvest. I. Characteristics of the current situation According to the statistics of the agricultural sector, the city's wheat planting area was 255,600 mu this year, a decrease of 46,700 mu, or 15.4%, from the previous year. Among them, 170,400 mu of water area accounted for 66.7% of the total sown area, and 85,200 mu of dry land accounted for 33.3% of the total sown area. In recent field surveys, the proportion of the city's Miao is: 4:4:2, which is a good condition. One kind of seedlings basic seedlings 20-250 thousand, main stem leaf age 5.6 leaves, 2.1 tillers per plant, 3.8 secondary roots per plant, total number of stems 650-700,000; two kinds of seedlings basic seedlings 250-300,000, main stem 4.4 leaf age, 1.3 tillers per plant, 2 secondary roots per plant, total number of stems 600,000-700,000; 300,000-350,000 seedlings of three types of seedlings, 3.6 leaves of main stem leaf, 0.4 seeds per tiller, single Plant secondary roots 0.6, the total number of stems 40-45 million. The general characteristics of winter wheat sowing and winter seedlings in the city are as follows: sufficient bottom pods, concentrated sowing date, high sowing quality, adequate sowing area, good emergence, sufficient growth before winter, and good seedling quality. Second, grasp the implementation of key technologies (a) Pouring overwintering water. There were sufficient crops at the time of planting this year. The waters and grounds of wheat fields in our city were basically not drowned, and there was continuous light rain after emergence. The current end of the year was better, but the wheat wintering period was nearly 100 days, and most of the winter snowfall was less. , pouring winter water can not only replenish the soil moisture, stabilize the ground temperature, prevent the winter wheat from freezing and freezing, keep the seedlings safe for winter, but also can practise the soil, promote the secondary root eruption, and can use the winter water in spring to prevent the spring drought, so we must overcome the paralysis. Thought, the wheat field with water pouring conditions must be poured into winter water before winter, and the amount of watering should be 40 square kilometers per mu. When winter pours, it is necessary to pay attention to weather changes, choose sunny weather without wind, and if there are cold currents, sudden temperature drop, or strong wind cooling, we must immediately stop pours in winter to prevent icing. (b) cultivating farmland. Dry wheat fields, especially soil compaction and late planting Miaotian must carry out ploughing and ploughing after the wheat tri-leaf stage, and play the role of raising temperature, protecting the river, breaking the aeration, and eliminating weeds. The ploughing must be meticulous and shallow, and avoid pressing the seedlings and damaging the roots. Shallow sowing of wheat fields should be combined with cultivator, roots and roots in order to protect the wheat tiller section, improve the ability of wheat seedlings to resist cold. (c) Repression. For wheat fields and winter wheat fields that have not been repressed after sowing, or have poor straw returning quality, they must take measures such as first suppressing the smashing before the winter, so that they can crush the slag, consolidate the soil, bridge the cracks in the soil, and prevent the cold air from entering. The root system of wheat is tightly integrated with the soil, stimulating the secondary root eruption and root rooting and preventing frost damage in winter. During repression, we should grasp the principle of "wet ground pressure and dry pressure, cloudy days without pressure, sunny morning pressure without noon pressure, wheat fields too weak to suppress". The way of repression is to roll the stone in one direction by using Ishigaki Shunmai ridge. It is not possible to repeatedly roll the roller in both directions so as to avoid contusion of the wheat seedlings. (D) Qiao Shi winter fertilizer. At the time of planting, the base fertilizer is insufficient for wheat fields, and the dry land can be planted with 5 to 7.5 kilograms of urea per mu after rain and snow, or 2 to 3 cubic meters of farmyard manure can be applied before the winter, and the roots can be used to protect the earthworms, supplement the fertility, increase the ground temperature, and prevent freezing damage. ; Water and wheat fields, can be combined with pouring winter water, with the water acres of topdressing urea 5 ~ 7.5 kg, to promote weak seedlings to turn the team strong, to ensure safe winter wheat. (e) Pre-winter biological coverage. Bio-coverage can protect soil, fertilize and improve soil, achieve the purpose of “reserving spring rain†and increase the yield of dryland wheat. The dryland wheat fields have not been covered with summer coverage and the best pre-winter cover before sowing, that is, before the winter in late November, the growth of winter wheat is stopped. At this time, the wheat straw can be cut into short straws of 10-20 cm and evenly spread in wheat. The amount of straw covered per mu is about 300 kg. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to cover grass to be uniform, the ground is not exposed, the grass is not awkward, wheat grass should be promptly spread after the wind piles. It should not be covered under the wetlands and cold in the shade. (vi) Prevention of freezing injury. For late seeding weak Miao field seedlings small, poor cold resistance, vulnerable to winter freezing damage. It is necessary to take measures to supplement the fertilizers to warm the seedlings and keep them safe for the winter. First, spraying high concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre of 30 to 50 kg; wheat field can also be applied to the foliar spray 2% of urea + 0.5% phosphoric acid two Hydrogen and potassium mixed fertilizer solution 30-50 kilograms per acre, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, promote nutrient accumulation, increase the sugar concentration of tillers, and enhance the plant's ability to resist cold. The second is to spread warm sluice fertilizer in the ridge, and use good quality farmyard manure, cover along the ridge, wind and heat to protect the oysters, and promote the long-term anti-freezing and anti-freezing. (seven) nursing wheat seedlings. Doing a good job of protecting wheat seedlings and forbidding livestock to feed, otherwise it will result in a weakening of seedlings, a decline in cold resistance, and even death, which will cause inestimable loss to wheat production. (8) Coverage of wheat fields covered with plastic film. Before winter, we must carefully check the plastic film coverage, strengthen management, protect the plastic film, and prohibit humans and animals from trampling; on the membrane there are holes, the membrane edge is leaking, the membrane is broken at the membrane, and the soil is sealed in time and the membrane is tightly closed to prevent the wind from uncovering the membrane. Plastic film coverage quality and benefits. Third, do a good job of guidance services The agricultural department of the winter wheat production county should act quickly and deploy it meticulously. Careful arrangements were made to formulate field management plans, and each link was firmly grasped, and each measure was carefully implemented to set off an upsurge of wheat field management in winter. Firstly, we must organize experts and agricultural technicians to in-depth production lines, check the situation of the seedlings, investigate the situation, check the pests and diseases, and formulate field management opinions in accordance with local conditions, and guide McDonald to implement field management due to time, place, and due to seedlings. Measures; Second, we must organize agricultural technicians to go to the countryside to enter the village, pick up some films, and do a good job of technical guidance services. Third, we must vigorously develop practical technology training, make full use of modern media, and teach farm management techniques to farmers; Fourth, we must do a good job in creating high-yield products. High-yielding counties should put in place the measures for the establishment of high-yield production as soon as possible, and give full play to the exemplary role of high-yield production. Metal Basket
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